Aurora A depletion reveals centrosome-independent polarization mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans

Aurora A depletion reveals centrosome-independent polarization mechanism in Caenorhabditis elegans

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How living systems break symmetry in an organized manner is a fundamental question MAGNESIUM W HAWTHORN BERRY in biology.In wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes, symmetry breaking during anterior-posterior axis specification is guided by centrosomes, resulting in anterior-directed cortical flows and a single posterior PAR-2 domain.We uncover that C.

elegans zygotes depleted of the Aurora A kinase AIR-1 or lacking centrosomes entirely usually establish two posterior PAR-2 domains, one at each pole.We demonstrate that AIR-1 prevents symmetry breaking early in the cell cycle, whereas centrosomal AIR-1 instructs polarity initiation thereafter.Using triangular microfabricated chambers, we establish that bipolarity of air-1(RNAi) embryos occurs effectively in a cell-shape and curvature-dependent manner.

Furthermore, we develop an integrated physical description of symmetry breaking, wherein local PAR-2-dependent weakening of the actin cortex, together with mutual inhibition of anterior and posterior PAR proteins, Melamine Cars Cutlery Set provides a mechanism for spontaneous symmetry breaking without centrosomes.